Izindaba - Ikhebula Lokuphakelayo Le-Telecom: Indlela Yokuthuthukisa Ukudluliselwa Kwesignali Kumanethiwekhi Esiteshini Esiyisisekelo

Ukukhetha kwesokudlaikhebula le-telecom feederKubalulekile ekudlulisweni kwesignali okuqinile kumanethiwekhi esiteshi esiyisisekelo. Ikhebula le-feeder elisezingeni eliphezulu lithuthukisa ukukhishwa kwedatha kanye nesikhathi sokusebenza, okubonisa ukubaluleka kwekhebula le-feeder kwezokuxhumana. I-Telsto inikeza izixazululo zekhebula ezithembekile. Ithebula elingezansi libonisa ukuthi ukukhetha ikhebula kuthinta kanjani ukusebenza kwenethiwekhi:

Uhlobo lwekhebula	Izinzuzo	Umthelela Kuma-Metric Okusebenza
Izintambo Zethusi	Iyabiza kahle, iyahambisana, ifanelekela amabanga amafushane	Umkhawulokudonsa olinganiselwe, ukubambezeleka okuphezulu
Amakhebula e-Fiber Optic	Isivinini esisheshayo, umkhawulokudonsa omkhulu, amabanga amade	Ukuthuthukiswa komthamo wokusebenza, isikhathi sokusebenza esithuthukisiwe

Ukukhetha Ikhebula Elifanele Le-Telecom Feeder

Imininingwane Ebalulekile Yekhwalithi Yesignali

Ukukhethaikhebula lesiphakeli esingakwesokudlakubalulekile ekugcineni ikhwalithi yesignali eqinile kunoma iyiphi inethiwekhi. Imininingwane yobuchwepheshe yekhebula le-feeder ithinta ngqo ukusebenza kwamanethiwekhi eselula nezinye izinhlelo zokuxhumana. Ochwepheshe kumele bahlole imingcele eminingana ebalulekile ngaphambi kokwenza isinqumo.

Imininingwane	Incazelo	Umthelela Ekhwalithini Yesignali
I-Passive Intermodulation (i-PIM)	Ilinganisa imvamisa engafuneki ye-harmonic ekhiqizwa yi-non-linearities kumakhebula nezixhumi.	Kuthinta ikhwalithi yocingo, ukudluliselwa kwedatha, kanye nomthamo wenethiwekhi iyonke.
Isilinganiso Samagagasi Amile E-Voltage (VSWR)	Kubonisa ukusebenza kahle kokudluliselwa kwamandla e-RF ngomugqa wokudlulisela.	I-VSWR engemihle iholela ekuchithekeni kwamandla kanye nokwehla kokusebenza kahle kwenethiwekhi.
Ukukhetha Isixhumi	Iqinisekisa ukuthembeka kwesikhathi eside kwenethiwekhi.	Kubalulekile ukugcina ukusebenza okuhle ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

Ukulahlekelwa okuphansi kokufakwa kungenye into ebalulekile. Kunquma ukuthi kulahleke amandla esignali angakanani njengoba ehamba ngekhebula lesiphakeli. Izinto ezisezingeni eliphezulu, njengalezo ezisetshenziswa ku-LMR400 kanye ne-RG213 kaTelsto, ziyasiza ekunciphiseni lokhu kulahlekelwa. Ithebula elingezansi liqhathanisa amanani okulahlekelwa kokufakwa kwezinhlobo ezivamile zekhebula lesiphakeli kumaza ahlukene:

Imvamisa	Ukulahlekelwa yi-RG213 (Ukuncipha kwe-dB/100ft)	Ukulahlekelwa yi-LMR400 (Ukuncipha kwe-dB/100ft)
100 MHz	2.2	1.2
400 MHz	4.8	2.5
1000 MHz	8.2	4.1

Ukufakwa Nokugcinwa Kwekhebula Lokuphakelayo

Ukufakwa nokugcinwa kahle kwekhebula lesiphakeli kubalulekile ekudlulisweni kwesignali okuthembekile kumanethiwekhi okuxhumana. Amasu okufaka asezingeni eliphezulu kanye nokugcinwa njalo kokuvimbela kusiza ukugcina ukusebenza kahle kumanethiwekhi eselula, ukusakaza, kanye nezinye izinhlelo zokuxhumana. Ukuzibophezela kweTelsto ekuhlolweni okuqinile kanye nokulawulwa kwekhwalithi kuqinisekisa ukuthi ikhebula ngalinye lesiphakeli lihlangabezana nezindinganiso zemboni zokuqina nokuthembeka.

Izindlela Ezinhle Zokufaka

Ukufakwa ngempumelelo kwekhebula le-feeder kunciphisa ukulahleka kwesiginali kanye nokuphazamiseka. Ochwepheshe kufanele balandele imikhuba emihle embonini ukuqinisekisa ubuqotho benethiwekhi. Iziqondiso ezilandelayo zisekela ukufakwa okuphumelelayo:

• Gwema ukugoba okubukhali noma ukugoba kwekhebula ukuze uvimbele umonakalo kanye nokuwohloka kwesignali.
• Sebenzisa iziqeshana zekhebula noma izikhonkwane ukuze uqinise ikhebula futhi ugcine indlela yokuqondisa ibushelelezi.
• Khetha ubude bekhebula kanye negeyiji efanele ukuze unciphise ukuncishiswa kwesignali.
• Qinisekisa ukuthi zonke izixhumi ziqinile futhi ziqondaniswe kahle.
• Faka isisekelo esifanele ukuze kuvinjelwe ukuphazamiseka nokugcina ikhwalithi yesiginali.
• Cabangela ukusebenzisa ama-booster ukuze ugijime ikhebula isikhathi eside ukuze ulondoloze amandla esignali.

Izintambo ze-Telsto feeder zihlolwa ngokuqinile yiminyango ye-QC yangaphakathi kanye nabahloli bezinkampani zangaphandle ngaphambi kokuthunyelwa. Le nqubo iqinisekisa ukuthi ikhebula ngalinye linikeza ukusebenza okulinganayo ezinhlobonhlobo zezicelo zekhebula le-feeder, okuhlanganisa ukudluliswa kwedatha okunamandla aphezulu kanye nokuxhumana ngesathelayithi.

Amaphutha avamile ngesikhathi sokufakwa angaholela ezinkingeni zenethiwekhi zesikhathi eside. Ukugoba ikhebula ngendlela engafanele, ikhwalithi ephansi ye-splice, ukweqa ukuvalwa kwe-duct efanele, kanye nokucindezela okungalungile kokudonsa yizimbangela ezivame ukulahleka kwesignali. Lawa maphutha angabangela ukumelana okwandisiwe, ukungena kwamanzi, kanye nezindawo ezishisayo, ezingase zingatholakali kuze kube yilapho zibangela izinkinga ezinkulu zokusebenza. Ukunaka ngokucophelela amasu okufaka kusiza ukuvimbela lezi zinkinga futhi kusekela isikhathi eside sekhebula eliphakelayo.

Icebiso: Landela njalo iziqondiso zomkhiqizi zokufaka futhi usebenzise amathuluzi anconyiwe ukuze ugweme ukulimaza ikhebula noma izixhumi.

Ukuqinisekisa Ukuxhumana Kwekhwalithi

Ukuxhumana kwekhwalithi ephezulu phakathi kwezintambo ze-feeder kanye nemishini yesiteshi esiyisisekelo kubalulekile ekugcineni ukudluliswa kwesignali okuqinile. Ukuhambisana phakathi kwezixhumi nezintambo kubalulekile. Isixhumi kumele sihambisane nobukhulu obubonakalayo kanye nezici zikagesi zekhebula le-feeder ukuqinisekisa ukuxhumana okuphephile nokungamelani kahle. Izixhumi ezingahambisani zingabangela ukuxhumana okubi kanye nokwanda kokuncipha kwesignali.

Ukuqina kungenye into ebalulekile. Izixhumi ezivezwe ezindaweni ezinzima noma ukucindezeleka kwemishini kumele zisebenzise izinto eziqinile kanye nemiklamo ukuze zimelane nomswakama, ukudlidliza, kanye nokushintsha kwezinga lokushisa. Izilinganiso zokusebenza, njenge-voltage kanye nomthamo wokuthwala ugesi, kufanele zihambisane nezidingo zokusebenza kwenethiwekhi. Izixhumi ezine-Voltage Standing Wave Ratio ephansi (VSWR), okungcono kakhulu ngaphansi kuka-1.1:1, zisiza ukunciphisa ukubonakaliswa kwesignali futhi zigcine ukuxhumana kwekhwalithi ephezulu ezinhlelweni zekhebula leselula nele-fiber optic.

Izinhlobo ezahlukene zokuxhumaIfanela izinhlelo zokusebenza ezahlukahlukene zekhebula lesiphakeli. Izixhumi zohlobo lwe-N zinikeza ukuvikela isimo sezulu okuhle kakhulu ukusetshenziswa ngaphandle. Izixhumi ze-DIN zilungele izitudiyo zokusakaza zobungcweti. Izixhumi ze-SMA zenzelwe izinhlelo zokusebenza ezivame kakhulu, kuyilapho izixhumi ze-BNC zinikeza ikhambi elingabizi kakhulu lokuxhumana nokusakaza. Ukukhetha uhlobo lwesixhumi olufanele nokuqinisekisa amasu okufaka afanele kubalulekile ukuze kuthembeke isikhathi eside kuzo zonke izinhlobo zokufakwa kwekhebula lesiphakeli.

Ukugcinwa Kwesikhathi Esijwayelekile Kokuthembeka Kwenethiwekhi

Ukugcinwa kokuvimbela okuvamile kubalulekile ekulondolozeni ukusebenza kwekhebula eliphakelayo kumanethiwekhi okuxhumana. Ukuhlolwa okuvamile kusiza ekutholeni izinkinga ezingaba khona ngaphambi kokuba ziholele emaphutheni enethiwekhi noma ekuwohlokeni kwesiginali. Izinqubo ezibalulekile zokulungisa zifaka:

• Ukuhlolwa okubonakalayo ukuze kuhlolwe umonakalo ongokwenyama, ukucindezeleka kwemvelo, kanye nokugqwala kwezixhumi.
• Ukuhlolwa njalo kwezakhiwo zikagesi kusetshenziswa imishini ekhethekile, njenge-time-domain reflectometry (TDR), ukuthola amaphutha angaphakathi noma ukungalingani kwe-impedance.
• Ukugcinwa kokuvikela isimo sezulu ukuze kuvinjelwe ukungena komswakama, okungalimaza ikhwalithi yesiginali.
• Ukuhlolwa kwezinhlelo zokusekela kanye nokubopha ukuqinisekisa ubuqotho kanye nokuvikeleka.

Ukuhlolwa njalo kubalulekile ekuvimbeleni amaphutha ohlelweni lokuphakela i-antenna. Ochwepheshe kufanele bahlole izimpawu zokungena kwamanzi, ukugqwala, kanye nomonakalo ongokwenyama. Ukulungiswa okuhleliwe kusekela ukuthembeka okuqhubekayo futhi kunciphisa isidingo sokuxazulula izinkinga nokulungisa. Ukuphathwa kahle kwekhebula le-fiber optic kanye nokunaka ukufakwa kwekhebula le-coaxial kuthuthukisa ukuzinza kwenethiwekhi.

Izintambo ze-Telsto feeder zenzelwe ukuqina futhi zihlolwa ngokuphelele ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ziyahlangabezana nezidingo zokuxhumana zesimanje. Ngokulandela imikhuba emihle kakhuluukufakwa nokugcinwa kwekhebula le-feeder, opharetha benethiwekhi bangafinyelela ikhwalithi yesignali ehambisanayo futhi bandise isikhathi sokuphila kwengqalasizinda yabo.

Izixazululo Ezithuthukisiwe Zokusebenza Kwenethiwekhi

Amakhebula Angalahlekelwa Kakhulu Nezinto Zanamuhla

Ubuchwepheshe bekhebula le-telecom feeder lanamuhla buthembele ezintweni ezithuthukisiwe ukuze kufezwe ukusebenza kwesignali okuphezulu. Abakhiqizi basebenzisa ama-alloy ethusi nama-polymer athuthukile ekwakheni ikhebula le-feeder. Lezi zinto zinikeza ukuzinza okungcono kokushisa futhi zinciphisa ukulahleka kwesignali, okubalulekile ekudlulisweni kwemvamisa ephezulu kumanethiwekhi eselula kanye nokuxhumana ngesathelayithi. Ama-polymer athuthukile avikela nekhebula ezindaweni ezinzima, asekela ukuthembeka kwesikhathi eside kokubili ekufakweni kwangaphakathi nangaphandle. Ukusetshenziswa kwezinto ezihlakaniphile kukhebula le-feeder kwenza kube nokuqapha nokugcinwa kwesikhathi sangempela, okusiza ukuvimbela amaphutha enethiwekhi angalindelekile futhi kunciphisa isidingo sokuxazulula izinkinga nokulungisa. I-Telsto'sizixazululo zekhebula le-feedersebenzisa lezi zinto zesimanje ukuqinisekisa ikhwalithi yesignali ehambisanayo kuzo zonke izinhlobo zekhebula le-feeder, kufaka phakathi ikhebula le-coaxial kanye nekhebula le-fiber optic. Le ndlela isekela ukuxhumana okuqinile kanye nokufakwa kwe-fiber optic okuphumelelayo kumanethiwekhi ayinkimbinkimbi.

Amathuluzi Okuthuthukisa Isignali Kwezokuxhumana

Ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kwenethiwekhi kudinga okungaphezu nje kwekhebula lokuphakelayo lekhwalithi ephezulu. Amathuluzi okuthuthukisa isignali afana nama-tapper, ama-combiners, nama-repeater adlala indima ebalulekile ekugcineni ukudluliswa kwesignali okuqinile. Ama-induction combiners asebenzisa ama-transformer ukuthuthukisa ukuhlukaniswa kwesignali nokunciphisa ukulahleka, okwenza asebenze kahle ezinhlelweni zemvamisa ephezulu. Ama-combiners asebenzayo asebenzisa ama-amplifier ukukhulisa amandla esignali, okuyinto efanele ukumbozwa kwenethiwekhi ekude. Ukuhlolwa kokulungiswa njalo kulawa madivayisi kusiza ukuhlonza izinkinga zesignali kusenesikhathi futhi kusekele ukusebenza kwenethiwekhi okuthembekile. Ama-signal booster nama-RF cellular repeaters abamba izimpawu ezibuthakathaka ezivela emibhoshongweni yamaseli, azikhulise, futhi azisakaze kabusha ngaphakathi kwenethiwekhi. Le nqubo ithuthukisa ukumbozwa kwesignali nekhwalithi, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni eziyinselele. Izinhlelo ze-antenna ezisatshalaliswayo (i-DAS) zisebenzisa inhlanganisela ye-fiber nekhebula le-coaxial ukusabalalisa izimpawu kahle. Ukuphathwa kwekhebula le-fiber optic okufanele kanye nokufakwa ngokucophelela kwala mathuluzi kuqinisekisa ukusebenza kahle kokubili kumanethiwekhi eselula nawe-fiber. Lawa masu anciphisa ukulahleka kwesignali, anciphisa ukuxazulula izinkinga, futhi asekela ukuxhumana okungenamthungo kuzo zonke izinhlobo zenethiwekhi.

Ochwepheshe bezokuxhumana kufanele bahlole njalo ingqalasizinda yabo yekhebula le-telecom feeder ngokubuyekeza izindlu ezikhonzwayo, umzila wefayibha, kanye nokufinyelela kokulungiswa. Ukuthuthukela ezixazululweni ezithuthukisiwe kuthuthukisa ukudluliselwa kwesignali kanye namanethiwekhi ezokuxhumana avikela ikusasa. Hlola inethiwekhi yakho, cabanga ngezinketho ezithembekile zeTelsto, futhi wamukele ubuchwepheshe obusha ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza okuqhubekayo njengoba izidingo zikhula.

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa

Iyini indima eyinhloko yekhebula le-feeder kwezokuxhumana?

Ikhebula lesiphakeliithwala isignali phakathi kwemishini yesiteshi esiyisisekelo nama-antenna, iqinisekisa ukuxhumana okuthembekile kokubili kwezinsizakalo zezwi nezedatha.

Kufanele zihlolwe kangaki izintambo ze-feeder kumanethiwekhi?

Ochwepheshe kufanele bahlole izintambo eziphakelayo okungenani kanye ngonyaka ukuze balondoloze ukusebenza kahle futhi bavimbele ukwehluleka okungalindelekile kumanethiwekhi.